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Fig. 4. Downflow output obtained on the western flank of Mt Etna from the subterminal vent opened at 3050 m above sea level in 2006 to the west of the Southeast Crater.
Simulating the area covered by lava flows using the DOWNFLOW code
Photographs of comenditic trachyte enclaves from the Randazzo pumice cone and Khaggiar lava flow. (a): fresh‐cut surfaces of a block showing the porphyritic texture of the enclaves given by abundant large crystals of anorthoclase embedded in a gray matrix. Subspherical vesicles are dispersed in the enclaves. (b): the typical globular external margin of the enclaves. (c): block cut perpendicular to the surface showing undulate margins with deep indents (d): small enclaves (light gray with feldspar phenocrysts) dispersed in the Khaggiar lava. (e): enclaves in the Khaggiar lava characterized by a crenulated surface, porphyritic texture and subspherical vesicles
Cooling and crystallization recorded in trachytic enclaves hosted in pantelleritic magmas (Pantelleria, Italy): Implications for pantellerite petrogenesis
Results from the sensitivity study. In the top panels the model outputs for the total crystal content at the vent are shown, while in the bottom panels the model outputs of mass discharge rate at the vent are illustrated. Panels (a) and (d) report the mass discharge rate and the crystal content at a fixed water content (3.0 wt%), in panels (b) and (e) the conduit radius has been fixed (0.7 m), while panels (c) and (f) illustrate the data at a given temperature (1363 K)
Temperature evolution during magma ascent in basaltic effusive eruptions: A numerical application to Stromboli volcano
Example ultra violet image pair acquired on 30/09/2012 from Pizzo Sopra la Fossa, Stromboli, looking down into the crater.
Quantification of gas and solid emissions during Strombolian explosions using simultaneous sulphur dioxide and infrared camera observations
Results of the webcam survey. A) A short explosion with a single pulse (type I). This type of event represents the majority of the observed activity. Images are shown at 1-minute intervals from June 26th, 2013. B) A longer explosion with several distinct pulses (type II). Images are shown at 3-minutes intervals from June 29th, 2013. Note the persistence of high emissions up to 15 min after the start of the event. C) Histogram showing the distribution of the measured intervals between explosions. The data consist of 160 observed intervals with a mean duration of 32.1 ± 15.7 min. The curve represents the equivalent normal distribution
SO2 emissions at Semeru volcano, Indonesia: Characterization and quantification of persistent and periodic explosive activity
Location map and viewing geometry at the Cholla power plant on October 23rd, 2013
Validation of the SO2 camera for high temporal and spatial resolution monitoring of SO2 emissions
Quantitative imaging of volcanic plumes — Results, needs, and future trends
a) Image of the atmosphere above the volcano before the eruption. b) Averaged image of the volcanic eruption. In both images, horizontal and vertical axes represents the position in meters inside the image, the temperature is represented by the color scale in Celsius degrees.
Volcanic plume vent conditions retrieved from infrared images: A forward and inverse modeling approach
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