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SettingTwofivefoldvalidationresultsforsubsetswithdifferentdominantgrainsizes(markedintheupper-leftcornerof each plot). The fivefold validation is done by taking one fifth of the total samples out for testing and the rest for training fivetimes, and samples are drawn for testing only once (no redraw of samples for testing). Every sample within each subset hasbeen used for testing once. After…

Figura 1 – Esempio dell’andamento del noise osservato a tre stazioni sismiche durante le 2 settimane precedenti (REFws nel primo pannello in alto) e per le 4 settimane successive (W1-4) alla misura di lockdown (riga nera continua). La curva blu descrive l’ampiezza del noise osservato e mostra le oscillazioni giorno/notte, mentre…

Pardini F, S. Corradini, A. Costa, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro, L. Merucci, A. Neri, D. Stelitano and Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi (2020).Atmosphere, 11/4, 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040359. Abstract Accurate tracking and forecasting of ash dispersal in the atmosphere and quantification of its uncertainty are of fundamental importance for volcanic risk mitigation.

Example of a hierarchy of validation tiers for pyroclastic currents. (A) Complete system (public domain photo courtesy of B. Voight, Penn State University). (B) Subsystem (public domain photo courtesy of Jonathan Stone). (C) Benchmark case (photo courtesy of G. Lube, Massey University, NZ). (D) Unit problem (picture modified after Hallworth…

Example of the identification of two segments (segment 1 in light orange and segment 2 in dark orange) for the MRL50 of the EU4b unit. Starting from these two segments (and from the others that compose the whole outline), different uncertainty bounds are traced according to the amount and quality…

Conceptual models and multiscale spectra of PDCs Lube G., E.C. P. Breard, T. Esposti-Ongaro, J. Dufek and B. Brand (2020).Nature Reviews – Earth & Environment, 1, 348–365, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0064-8. Abstract Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are dangerous multiphase flows originating from volcanic eruptions. PDCs cause more than a…