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Figure 6 Waveform and spectral characteristics of infrasonic signals from South-East crater and Bocca Nuova/ Voragine craters. a-c). Representative normalized infrasonic waveforms from seven explosive events at the SE and BN/VOR craters are shown. Individual waveforms are depicted in light grey, while the ensemble average is indicated in red. (b-d)…

Figure 1 Overview of seismic network at Etna volcano and recorded tremor in 2020. (a) Seismicstations (triangles) on Etna, with used stations highlighted pink. Broader tectonic context shown inadjacent map (red box corresponding to region shown). Local earthquakes (≥ML2.5) are shown assmall circles, colored by date (see legend). Lateral…

Figure 3 (a) SEM image of experiment (Exp.) with runtime = 0 s showing locations of FTIR analysis spots. (b-e) CO2mol, CO32−, bulk (total) CO2, and H2O glass profiles. (f) SEM image of experiment with runtime = 300 s showing locations of FTIR analysis spots. (g-j) CO2mol, CO32−, bulk (total) CO2, and H2O glass profiles. Asterisks…

Hypocentre separation compared to waveform coherence for the three relocated catalogues. Upper panel: Statistics of 3-D distance between final NLL-SSST hypocentres for event pairs from the 3 catalogues plotted as a function of binned NLL-coherence waveform coherence for each pair. Horizontal bars show median values, vertical bars show 10–90 per…

Figure 1. Location of the AV43 core and the other cores discussed in this study. Stratigraphic log and radiometric ages from AV43 core. Sagnotti L., C. Caricchi, P. Macrì, E. Colizza, P. Del Carlo, A. Di Roberto, A. Winkler, (2026).Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 370, 12 pp.

a Relative paleointensity, b inclination, and c declination of the NDT09 core compared with the predicted curves from the SHA.DIF.14 k (Pavón-Carrasco et al. 2014) and pfm.9k2 (Nilsson et al. 2022) geomagnetic field models, plotted as a function of age. d Preliminary age model for the NDT09 core.