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Cognitive biases and rational decision making for volcanichazards and risks

Table 1 Cognitive biases described in this contribution. Papale P. (2026).Frontiers in Earth Science, 14 pp. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2026.1755833 Open access Abstract Volcanic systems are governed by complex, non-linear dynamics that make deterministic forecasting impossible and require decisions to be made under substantial uncertainty. This contribution examines how…

Gully system evolution in volcanic environments through digital elevation model comparisons: A case study from La Fossa Cone (Vulcano Island, Sicily)

Figure 3 Difference of DEM map over the entire monitoring period, showing the main topographic changes on the NW gully system from 2010 to 2022. The difference map of the DEMs is overlaid on the 2022 DSM hillshading. Consequently, the areas that appear gray on the map correspond to the…

Quantifying Gas and Thermal Energy Emissions in an Active Geothermal Area: Insights From Le Biancane (Larderello Field, Italy)

Resulting maps of a) Soil CO 2 flux; b) Soil temperature; and c) Thermal gradient in the Le Biancane area; d) Schematic representation of the various terms of the thermal balance at the surface soil of a heated from below area. The thicker solid arrows represent the terms that supply…

High-frequency volcano seismic tremor at Mt. Etna, Italy: Insights from varying seismic-acoustic amplitude ratios

Figure 5.1. Detailed overview of a one-hour long record of data including an episode of high-frequency tremor, including spectral, amplitude, and trend analysis in both time and frequency domains. Panels (a) and (b) show the seismic spectra and waveform coherency-based tremor detection (spectral width), respectively. Acoustic spectral content is displayed…

Twenty‐Five Years of Probabilistic Fault DisplacementHazard Assessment

Figure 3. Block diagram illustrating principal and distributed ruptures in a normal faulting tectonic setting. The diagram highlights the spatial distribution of surface ruptures, with the principal rupture (PF) occurring along the main fault and distributed ruptures (DR) appearing as secondary surface breaks, typically in the hanging wall and footwall…

The nucleation and growth of mixed H₂O–CO₂ bubbles in magmas

Figure 4. The critical pressure required for nucleation of bubbles in mixed H2O–CO2 systems… Sullivan P., E.W. Llewellin, F.B. Wadsworth, S. Colucci, H. Kusumaatmaja (2026).Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Volume 472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2026.108538 Abstract Volcanic eruptions are driven by the nucleation and growth of gas bubbles…

Cognitive biases and rational decision making for volcanichazards and risks

Gully system evolution in volcanic environments through digital elevation model comparisons: A case study from La Fossa Cone (Vulcano Island, Sicily)

Quantifying Gas and Thermal Energy Emissions in an Active Geothermal Area: Insights From Le Biancane (Larderello Field, Italy)

High-frequency volcano seismic tremor at Mt. Etna, Italy: Insights from varying seismic-acoustic amplitude ratios

Twenty‐Five Years of Probabilistic Fault DisplacementHazard Assessment

The nucleation and growth of mixed H2O–CO2 bubbles in magmas

The nucleation and growth of mixed H₂O–CO₂ bubbles in magmas