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Simulated evolution of composition, density and gas volume fractions in the Campi Flegrei magma chamber. Figure modified after Papale et al. (2017). Montagna C.P., P. Papale, A. Longo (2022).Chapter – Active Volcanoes of the World – book series (AVOLCAN), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37060-1_7 Abstract The Campi Flegrei caldera…

Probability maps (Cotopaxi volcano, red triangle) for different thickness accumulations in case the next eruption is sub-Plinian or Plinian. Uppercase letters are city names: A = Ambato, T = Tena, L = Latacunga, M = Machachi, B = Baeza, SD =Santo Domingo, Q = Quito, EC = El Chaco, C = Cayambe. The extent of the maps is the same as the…

Possible scheme for a Digital Twin of a volcanic system. Models and data concur to scenarios and forecasts. Models are continuously tested and refined, e.g., by adding more or better microphysics. Both data and models are accompanied by quality assessments and certification. Third parties access data and models, as well…

PDC invasion hazard maps based on the areal size distributions and vent opening probability maps of Bevilacqua et al. (2017). Contours and colours indicate the mean percentage probability of PDC invasion conditional on the occurrence of an explosive event a originating inland in the western sector, b originating inland in…

FIGURE 1. Simulations setup and profiles of pressure and density along chamber axis (x = 0, z = 0). Deepak Garg and Paolo PapaleFront. Earth Sci., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.760773 Abstract The dynamics of magma is often studied through 2D numerical simulations because 3D simulations are usually complex and…

Fig. 3B In the uppermost part of the section, the pumice lapilli deposit inversely grades into a c. 50 cm-thick bed made of decimeter-sized, dark brown to reddish pumice bombs (Fig. 3b). Lithic fragments are present but scarce along the entire sequence and are mainly represented by red-oxidized clasts and…